Bacteria of the genus Helicobater pylori are microaerophilic curved gram-negative rods. Their natural, and for now basic residence is the human gastric mucosa, but was found in the stomach of some animals. In humans, once ingested and present H. pylori infection can last for years. The way that the infection spreads is not jet clear, but according to current knowledge, the main route is human-to-human, while transmission of infection is gastro-oral, oro-oral or faecal-oral. Infection H. pylori infection begins when the bacteria enters the digestive system of the host. The outcome of the infection depends on the ability of bacteria to overcome the stomach physicochemical barrier, its successful adoption of the epithelial cells, reproduction and further expansion. Symptoms of infection that occur are primarily in the form gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) or gastric ulcer disease. H. pylori in vitro is very sensitive to a number of antibiotics. The protocol of therapy has to be simple, inexpensive and well tolerated, so that patients can easily and completely carry it out. Together with the therapy, hygienic-dietary regimen needs to be included, primarily based on the diet and includes avoidance of spicy foods, coffee, alcohol, carbonated drinks and cigarettes. It is also necessary to avoid foods that contain wheat flour, rye or barley, soybeans, fully processed meat, etc.. It is of utmost importance to consume fruits and vegetables high in fibres, flax seeds, and as a source of fluids natural teas. To sum up it is useful to take probiotics that contain Lactobacillus acidophillus and Saccharomyces boulardi because they significantly increase the success of therapy. H. pylori infection and especially the development of its unsolicited result of the gastric and duodenal mucosa (atrophic gastritis, ulcers, cancerous tumour), could be prevented by early active immunization of people, especially at the early age of life.