| Abstract | Dezinfekcija vode ključna je za zaštitu javnog zdravlja od infekcija koje se prenose vodom. Međutim, kao neželjena posljedica dezinfekcije vode nastaju nusprodukti dezinfekcije kojima je izložena većina stanovništva unosom vode za piće te udisanjem ili dermalnom apsorpcijom tijekom kupanja, tuširanja i plivanja u bazenima. Cilj ovog rada je odrediti unos nusprodukata dezinfekcije vode (trihalometana) te unos nutrijenata i fitokemikalija ispitanika omnivorskog (N = 9), lakto-ovovegetarijanskog (N = 9) i veganskog tipa prehrane (N = 12). Ispitanici su ispunili anketu s osnovnim demografskim i antropometrijskim podacima i trodnevni dnevnik prehrane. Prosječni dnevni unos trihalometana izračunat je na osnovi podataka monitoringa vode za ljudsku potrošnju za gradove Zagreb, Rijeku, Osijek i Split. Statističkom obradom utvrđeno je da između ispitivanih skupina nije bilo značajne razlike u unosu vodovodne vode i trihalometana, uz pretpostavku iste koncentracije trihalometana u konzumiranoj vodi. Ustanovljena je značajna razlika u unosu polifenola (p = 0,012) između ispitanika veganskog i omnivorskog tipa prehrane, te veći unos polifenola i izotiocijanata kod ispitanika veganskog i lakto-ovovegetarijanskog tipa prehrane u usporedbi s omnivorima. Ujedno, adekvatan unos prehrambenih vlakana, značajno viši unos karotena, vitamina A, B1, B6, C, E i K i minerala Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, kao i utjecaj fitokemikalija na metabolizam toksikanata, uključujući trihalometane, impliciraju prosječno jači zaštitni učinak prehrane temeljene na biljkama. |
| Abstract (english) | Water disinfection is crucial for protecting public health from waterborne infections. However, an unintended consequence of water disinfection is the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) to which most of the population is exposed through drinking water consumption, inhalation, or dermal absorption during bathing, showering, and swimming in pools. The aim of this study is to determine the intake of water disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes) and the intake of nutrients and phytochemicals among participants with omnivorous (N = 9), lacto-ovo-vegetarian (N = 9), and vegan (N = 12) diets. Participants completed a survey with basic demographic and anthropometric data and a three-day dietary diary. The average daily intake of trihalomethanes was calculated based on data obtained during monitoring of water for human consumption in the cities of Zagreb, Rijeka, Osijek, and Split. Statistical analysis found no significant difference in tap water and trihalomethane intake among the studied groups, assuming the same concentration of trihalomethanes in the consumed water. A significant difference in polyphenol intake (p = 0.012) was established between participants on vegan and omnivorous diets, with higher intakes of polyphenols and isothiocyanates in vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians compared to omnivores. Additionally, an adequate intake of dietary fiber, significantly higher intakes of carotene, vitamins A, B1, B6, C, E, and K, and minerals Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, as well as the impact of phytochemicals on the metabolism of toxicants, including trihalomethanes, imply an overall stronger protective effect of plant-based diets. |
