| Abstract | Bolesti štitnjače u stalnom su porastu, učestalije su u žena, a rizik obolijevanja raste sa starosnom dobi. Hormoni štitnjače imaju utjecaj na brojne organske sustave, važni su za rast, neurološki razvoj, reprodukciju i regulaciju metabolizma. Unos joda i goitrogena iz hrane povezani su s patogenezom bolesti štitnjače. Dosadašnja istraživanja u pogledu uloge prehrane na uzroke i razvoj bolesti štitnjače su kontradiktorna i ne postoje jasne prehrambene preporuke, kao ni preporuke za dodatke prehrani. Provedeno je opažajno istraživanje na ljudima s potvrđenom dijagnozom štitnjače u jednoj ordinaciji obiteljske medicine na području Primorsko-goranske županije. Od ukupno 71 ispitanika, prosječne dobi 53,8 ± 15,7 godina, bolest štitnjače je češće bila prisutna kod žena (83,7 %), a najčešća dijagnoza je bila hipotireoza (87,1 %), dok je hipertireozu imalo 8,5 % ispitanika. Kod većine ispitanika (64,8 %) bolest je dijagnosticirana prije 10 godina. Vrijednost TSH iznad referentnog raspona zabilježena je kod 39,4 % ispitanika. Umor je najčešći simptom, zatim nesanica i nadutost. Ispitanici imaju značajno narušeno psihofizičko zdravlje (prema DAS skali) i kvalitetu života (prema SF-36 upitniku). Prehranu je promijenilo 40,8 % ispitanika; smanjili su unos ugljikohidrata, naročito šećera i glutena ili su ograničili konzumaciju mliječnih proizvoda. Ovi ispitanici također konzumiraju manje slanu hranu. Morska sol je najčešće korištena, meso i mesne prerađevine se konzumiraju 1,2 i 1,3 puta tjedno dok se morska riba konzumira 2-3 puta tjedno, morski plodovi jednom mjesečno, a riječna riba se ne konzumira. Namirnice koje sadrže goitrogene konzumiraju se na mjesečnoj bazi, najviše grahorice i kupusnjače. |
| Abstract (english) | Thyroid disease is on the rise. Affects more women than men, and the risk increases with age. Thyroid hormones are important for growth, neurological development, reproduction and regulation of metabolism. Dietary intake of iodine and goitrogens in some foods are associated with pathogenesis of the thyroid. Current nutrition research provided contradictory findings, and no specific recommendations exist regarding diet or supplementation. An observational study was conducted on patients with confirmed thyroid disease in one general practice from Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. Out of 71 patients, average age 53.8 ± 15.7 years, thyroid disease was more common in women (83.7 %). Hypothyroidism was more common (87.1 %), while hyperthyroidism had 8.5 % of patients. In majority (64.8 %) the disease was diagnosed 10 years ago. TSH above the reference range had 39.4 % of patients. Tiredness was the most common symptom, followed by insomnia and flatulence. Patients have significantly altered psychological condition (according to DAS scale) and quality of life (according to SF-36 questionnaire). 40.8% of patients said they changed their diet, primarily lowered carbohydrate consumption, mainly sugar and gluten, and limited dairy consumption. These patients also consumed less salty foods. Sea salt is the most commonly used, meat and products are consumed 1.2 and 1.3 times a week, saltwater fish 2-3 times a week, seafood once a month, and freshwater fish never. Goitrogenic foods are mostly consumed on a monthly basis, primarily legumes and cruciferous vegetables. |
