| Abstract | Arterijska hipertenzija (AH) definira se vrijednostima arterijskog tlaka iznad 140/90 mm Hg. Danas
jedna od pet odraslih osoba ima povišeni krvni tlak, stanje koje uzrokuje polovicu svih smrtnih
slučajeva uslijed srčanog udara i bolesti srca. Čimbenici rizika uključuju dob, pušenje, prisutnost
dislipidemije, preddijabetesa ili dijabetesa, abdominalne pretilosti, te pozitivna obiteljska anamneza
prerane bolesti srca. Cilj rada je bio istražiti prehranu i životne navike osoba s AH na području
Sarajeva, utvrditi razinu kontrole AH, u kojoj se mjeri oboljeli pridržavaju preporuka o prehrani i utječe
li dijagnoza na kvalitetu njihovog života. Sedamdeset osoba prosječne starosti 66,2 ± 10,2 godina (40
do 86 godina; 54,3 % muškaraca, 45,7 % žena) s dijagnozom AH (15,5 ± 8,5 godina), koji žive u
Sarajevu ispunilo je anketu kreiranu za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Svi ispitanici imaju barem još jednu
dijagnozu (40,0 % dijabetičara), a uvođenje farmakoterapije je dovelo do značajne redukcije
sistoličkog (p<0,001) i dijastoličkog krvnog tlaka (p<0,001), no polovica ispitanika su teški bolesnici s
6 i više antihipertenziva. Dijagnoza AH značajno utječe na kvalitetu njihovog života. Ukupno 82,9 %
ispitanika je educiralo medicinsko osoblje, no edukacija nije bila adekvatna za njih 57,1 %.
Prehrambene navike ispitanika koje pogoršavaju AH su vrlo nizak unos voća, nedovoljna konzumacija
mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda i korištenje soli (51,4 % ispitanika dosoljava hranu), uz vrlo nisku razinu
tjelesne aktivnosti (35,7 % ispitanika je aktivno svakodnevno). Edukacija se pokazala vrlo učinkovitom
u implementaciji promjena prehrambenih i životnih navika osoba s AH, koji su nužni u potpori
farmakoterapije, za što bi se trebali upotrijebiti dobiveni rezultati. |
| Abstract (english) | Arterial hypertension (AH) is defined as arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg. Today one in
five adults have increased blood pressure, a condition responsible for half of all deaths caused by
heart attack and heart disease. Risk factors include age, smoking, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes or
diabetes, abdominal obesity and positive family history of early heart disease. The aim of this research
was to determine diet and lifestyle habits of people diagnosed with AH from the city of Sarajevo, the
level of their compliances with the dietary recommendations and the influence of diagnosis on their
life quality. Seventy adults aged 66.2 ± 10.2 years (40 to 86 years; 54.3 % men, 45.7 % females)
diagnosed with AH (for 15.5 ± 8.5 years), living in Sarajevo completed a study-specific questionnaire.
All participants had at least one more diagnosis (40.0 % were diabetics), and introduction of
pharmacotherapy led to a significant reduction in systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure
(p<0.001), but half of participants were using 6 or more antihypertensive medications. The AH
diagnosis significantly influenced the quality of participant's life. 82.9 % of participants were educated
by a medical personnel, but the education was not appropriate for 57.1 % of them. Participant's dietary
habits with adverse impact on AH include very low consumption of fruits, insufficient consumption of
milk and dairy products, and significant use of salt (51.4 % of participants add salt to prepared meal),
with very low physical activity (35.7 % is active daily). Education has shown to be very effective in
implementation of dietary and lifestyle changes among people with AH, which is crucial as a support
to pharmacotherapy. Study findings should be used in educational purposes. |
