Title Primjena inovativnih tehnika ekstrakcije bioaktivnih spojeva iz duhanskog otpada
Title (english) Application of innovative extraction techniques of bioactive compounds from tobacco waste
Author Marija Banožić MBZ: 388301
Mentor Stela Jokić (mentor)
Committee member Igor Jerković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Darko Velić (član povjerenstva)
Granter Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek FACULTY OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY (Department of Process Engineering) (Sub-department of Process Design and Construction Materials) Osijek
Defense date and country 2022-01-21, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Food Technology Engineering
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 66 - Chemical technology. Chemical and related industries 663 - Industrial microbiology. Industrial mycology. Zymurgy, fermentation industry. Beverage industry. Stimulant industry 60 - Biotechnology. Genetic engineering. Products of cloning
Abstract Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj četiri inovativne tehnike ekstrakcije: ekstrakcija potpomognuta ultrazvukom (UAE), ekstrakcija potpomognuta mikrovalovima (MAE), superkritična \(CO_{2}\) ekstrakcija (\(SC-CO_{2}\)) te ekstrakcija vodom u supkritičnom stanju (SWE) na iskorištenje i sadržaj bioaktivnih spojeva u duhanskom otpadu (refabrikat, prašina i rebro) koji nastaje tijekom industrijske prerade lista. U ekstraktima su primjenom tekućinske i/ili plinske kromatografije određeni isparljivi spojevi, fenolni spojevi te nikotin, a primjenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda određena je antiradikalna aktivnost i sadržaj ukupnih fenola. U SC-\(CO_{2}\) ekstraktima određen je i masnokiselinski sastav primjenom plinske kromatografije s plameno-ionizacijskim detektorom. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata uočen je značajan utjecaj primijenjenih procesnih parametara na promatrane odzive (iskorištenje ekstrakcije, sadržaj klorogenske kiseline i nikotina). Primjenom metode odzivnih površina određeni su optimalni parametri svake pojedine tehnike ekstrakcije. Od ispitivanih tehnika ekstrakcije, primjenom UAE dobiven je najveći sadržaj klorogenske kiseline, dok se MAE pokazala pogodnom za ekstrakciju nikotina. Primjenom SWE dobiveni su ekstrakti bogati fenolnim spojevima i nikotinom, no primjena viših temperatura (200-250 °C) uzrokovala je nastanak degradacijskih produkata. \(SC-CO_{2}\) ekstrakcija pokazala se pogodnom za ekstrakciju nepolarnih spojeva (isparljivih spojeva i masnih kiselina), gdje je identificicran nikotin (1,6 %), a dominantna masna kiselina bila je palmitinska kiselina (21,84 %). Od promatrana tri otpada, refabrikat se pokazao najbogatijim bioaktivnim spojevima u usporedbi s listom duhana kao polaznom sirovinom. U konačnici, da bi se u potpunosti iscrpio biljni materijal, pristupilo se valorizaciji refabrikata kroz kombinaciju dvije ekstrakcijske tehnike (\(SC-CO_{2}\) i SWE). Dvostupanjska ekstrakcija dala je najbolje rezultate, te predstavlja inovativan pristup valorizaciji ove vrste otpada istovremeno dajući maksimalno iskorištenje ekstrakcije (74,05 %), uz znatno veći zastupljenosti nikotina (4,67 %) i fenolnih spojeva: klorogenske kiseline (0,74 %), neoklorogenske kiseline (0,46 %), rutina (1,03 %).
Abstract (english) The aim of this study was to determine the influence of four innovative extraction techniques: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical \(CO_{2}\) extraction (\(SC-CO_{2}\)) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) on the yield and content of bioactive compounds in tobacco waste extracts. Three fractions of tobacco waste, generated during the industrial processing of leaves (scrap, dust and midrib), were used for the extractions and were compared with the leaf as the starting material. Volatile compounds, phenolic compounds and nicotine were determined in the extracts using liquid and/or gas chromatography. Additionally, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined using spectrophotometric assays. In \(SC-CO_{2}\) extracts, the fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Based on the obtained results, a significant influence of the applied process parameters on the responses (extraction yield, chlorogenic acid content and nicotine) was observed. Using the response surface methodology, the optimal parameters of each extraction technique were determined. Of the four extraction techniques observed, UAE yielded the highest chlorogenic acid content, while MAE proved to be suitable for nicotine extraction. Using SWE, extracts rich in phenolic compounds and nicotine were obtained, but due to the application of higher temperatures (200-250 °C), the formation of degradation products was observed. \(SC-CO_{2}\) showed high selectivity for the extraction of non-polar compounds, particularly targeted fatty acids (the dominant was palmitic acid) and volatile compounds (nicotine was the most abundant). Among the three wastes observed, the scrap proved to be the richest in bioactive compounds. In order to obtain completely exhaust waste material, a two-stage extraction process (\(SC-CO_{2}\) + SWE) was conducted on the scrap. With twostage extraction (\(SC-CO_{2}\) + SWE), the highest extraction efficiency (74.05%) and significantly higher abundance of nicotine (4.67%) and of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid (0.74%), neochlorogenic acid (0.46%) and rutin (1.03%)) were obtained. Therefore, two-stage extraction (\(SC-CO_{2}\) + SWE) represents an innovative approach to the valorization of tobacco waste.
Keywords
duhanski otpad
bioaktivni spojevi
inovativne tehnike ekstrakcije
optimizacija
Keywords (english)
tobacco waste
bioactive compounds
innovative extraction techniques
optimization
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:109:344211
Promotion 2022
Project Number: UIP-2017-05-9909 Title: Primjena inovativnih tehnika ekstrakcije bioaktivnih komponenti iz nusproizvoda biljnoga podrijetla Acronym: ByProExtract Leader: Stela Jokić Jurisdiction: Croatia Funder: HRZZ Funding stream: UIP
Study programme Title: FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND NUTRITION Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor znanosti (dr. sc.) iz znanstvenog područja Biotehničkih znanosti, znanstvenog polja Prehrambena tehnologija (doktor znanosti (dr. sc.) iz znanstvenog područja Biotehničkih znanosti, znanstvenog polja Prehrambena tehnologija)
Type of resource Text
Extent (11), 187 str.;30 cm
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Public note U sastavu Povjerenstva za obranu su i: prof. dr. sc. Mojca Škerget - član, izv. prof. dr. sc. Senka Vidović - član
Created on 2022-01-27 12:02:25